Sinopsis

The INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL WORK brings together historical perspectives on the profession and the academic field related to Social Work.
Teachers, professionals and students interested in reading it will find an updated overview of current research and methodologies in 30 countries on 5 continents, written by 93 experts in Social Work.
What have been the main institutions in each country that have made the development and consolidation of social work possible? What are the current trends and the future that awaits each country? These are the fundamental topics addressed in the book.
Readers will enjoy a meaningful overview of Social Work worldwide.

Índice

Foreword 35
Christos Panagiotopoulos
Social Work in Argentina
Silvana MartínezJuan Agüero
1. Introduction 41
2. Institutionalization process of the profession 43
3. Relevant figures in Social Work 50
4. Current situation of the profession 61
5. Methodologies and professional practices 82
6. Conclusions 88
7. References 91
Unravelling Social Work in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a Journey Through Complexity
Sanela BašiÄ?
1. Introduction to Social Work in Bosnia and Herzegovina 95
2. The Origins of Social Welfare 105
3. The Establishment of Social Work as a Profession 107
3.1 Institutionalization of Social Work 108
3.2 Social Work in the Socialist Context 110
3.3 Professionalization of Social Work 111
3.4 Social Work and State Control 113
3.5 The Role of Education in Social Work 114
4. Social Work During the War (1992-1995) 117
4.1 The Refugee Crisis: Displacement and Humanitarian Aid 118
4.2 Psychological Support for War Victims 119
4.3 Ethnic Fragmentation and the Role of Social Workers 120
4.4 Social Work and Post-War Reconstruction 121
5. Social Work in the Post-War Period 122
5.1 Institutional Fragmentation and Decentralization 122
5.2 The Role of Social Workers in Rebuilding the Social Fabric 124
5.3 Economic Transition and Social Welfare 125
5.4 The Influence of International Organizations 126
5.5 The Changing Role of Social Work: From Emergency Aid to Long-Term Development 128
5.6 Social Work Research in Education and Beyond 131
6. Conclusion: The Future of Social Work in Bosnia and Herzegovina 133
7. References 135
Social Work in Brazil
Marilda Villela Iamamoto
Esther Luiza de Souza Lemos
Maria Rosangela Batistoni
Maurílio Castro de Matos
Raquel Raichelis
1. Introduction 141
2. Social Work and the Social Question 142
3. Emergence of Social Work and Departure from its Original Characteristics 146
3.1 Background of the Emergence and Development of Social Work in Brazil 146
3.2 Brazilian Social Work and its Historical and Critical Renewal 153
4. Social Workers’ Political Organization and International Dialogues 159
5. Social Work Education: Undergraduate and Postgraduate Levels. 170
5.1 The Academic and Professional Training of Social Workers at the Undergraduate Level 170
5.2 Postgraduate Studies in Social Work 177
6. The New Morphology of Social Workers’ Practices amid Neoliberal Crisis 181
7. Overview of Professional Actions in Brazilian Social Work 192
8. Conclusion 195
9. References 200
Latin American Social Work: the Case of Chilean Social Work
Carolina Muñoz-Guzmán
Sara Caro Puga
Maricela González Moya
1. Introduction 209
2. Brief History of Social Work in Chile 211
3. Social Work in Contemporary Chile: Key Actors 218
3.1 Critical Social Work in Chile 220
3.2 Social Work Contributing to Public Policies 222
4. The State of the Art of Social Work at the Professional, Academic, and Research Levels 223
4.1 Best Practices and Innovations in Social Work 226
5. Conclusion 229
6. References 230
Development of Social Work Education in the Changing Contexts of Mainland China
Fengzhi Ma
Li Shen
Lei Dong
1. Introduction 239
2. Development of Social Work Education in the Changing Contexts 241
2.1 Initiation of Social Work Education in the Early 1900s 241
2.2 Suspension of Social Work Education after the First Social Transformation in 1949 242
2.3 Reconstruction of Social Work Education after the Second Social Transformation in 1978 243
3. Professional Development Related to the Reconstruction of Social Work Education 245
3.1 Establishment of the Social Work Curriculum System 245
3.2 Design of Teaching Materials for the Social Work Programme 246
3.3 Capacity-Building for Social Work Educators 247
3.4 Development of MSW and DSW Programmes 248
4. Development of Social Work Profession after the Reconstruction of Social Work Education 250
4.1 Establishment of the Social Work Examination System and Social Work Standards 250
4.2 Social Work Practice Driven by the Social Work Education Community 251
4.3 Role of Social Work Profession in Significant Public Events 255
5. Factors Contributing to the Reconstruction of Social Work Education 258
5.1 Launch of Reform and Open-up Policy 258
5.2 Alignment of Social Work Education with the National Development 259
5.3 Efforts from the Community of Social Work Education 260
5.4 Collaboration with Multiple Partners Outside Mainland China 261
5.5 Contribution from Significant Social Work Leaders 263
6. Characteristics of the Reconstruction of Social Work Education 267
6.1 Westernized Chinese Style of Social Work Education 267
6.2 Interaction of Social Work Education and Social Work Practice 269
6.3 Leading Role of the Government and Public Policies 270
6.4 Initiatives of the Social Work Education Community 271
7. Challenges for Social Work Education in the New Era 272
8. Concluding Remarks 274
9. References 275
Social Work in Colombia: a Critical-Dialectical Introduction
Sergio Andrés Quintero-Londoño
Juan Pablo Sierra-Tapiro
Nora Liliana Guevara-Peña
1. Introduction 279
2. Historical Approaches to Social Work in Colombia 282
3. Professional Debates, Knowledge Production and Professional Training 293
4. Labor Conditions of Social Work Professionals in Colombia 301
5. Union and Student Organization and the Process of Reforming the Law in Social Work 307
6. As a Closing Remark: for a Critical Renewal of Social Work in Colombia 316
7. References 318
Development of Social Work in Croatia - Education and Practice as Collaborative Partners
Gordana Berc
Vanja Branica
1. Introduction 323
2. Historical Overview of Social Work: Professional, Academic and Research Development in Croatia - Important Movements and Individuals 325
2.1 Forerunner Activities Connected to Social Work and Social Welfare 327
2.2 Development of Social Work Education and Social Work Development until the 1990s —the Period of State Paternalism 332
2.3 Social Work Professional and Educational Development in Croatia in the Period from 1990th —to 2013 341
2.3.1 Changes in Professional Development 342
2.3.2 Changes in Social Work Education 344
2.3.2.1 Social Work program on Bachelor’s and Master’s level 345
2.3.2.2 Education on the postgraduate level 353
2.3.3 Development of the Social Work as a Profession in Recent Period 355
3. Research Topics Relevant in the Social Work Area 356
4. Faces of Contemporary Social Work in Croatia 358
5. Conclusion 363
6. References 364
Social Work in Denmark
Anders Bøggild Christensen
Berith Heien Lauridsen
May-Britt Søndergaard Justesen
Lars Uggerhøj
Per Westersø
1. Introduction 369
2. Danish Social Policy Development as a Framework for Social Work in Denmark 374
2.1 Denmark and Social Conditions in the 19th Century 374
2.2 The First Social Reforms on Welfare 1891-1910 374
2.3 The Social Reform of 1933 376
2.4 The Social Reforms of the 1950s-1980s 377
2.5 Welfare from the 1980s-2025 379
2.6 Social Policy and Services for Adults 382
2.7 Social Policy and Children and Families 384
2.8 Summary of Policy Areas 386
2.9 Changes in Governance in Social Work 387
2.10 On the Development of Social Policy and the Profession 388
3. The Practice of Social Work - Trends and Tendencies in Denmark 390
3.1 The Historical and Methodological Development of the Field of Social Work Practice 390
3.1.1 1930s-1950s 391
3.1.2 1960s-1970s 392
3.1.3 1980s-1990s 394
3.1.4 2000-2010s 396
3.1.5 2020s: Structure of the Field of Practice 397
3.2 Methodological and Theoretical Trends in 2020s 399
4. Emergence of the Social Worker Education 402
4.1 The Prelude to a Social Worker Education 402
4.2 The Establishment of the Social School 403
4.3 The Development of the Education 1937-1980 404
4.4 Development of the Social Worker Education 1980-2024 408
4.5 Central Themes in the Development of the Education 411
4.6 Summary of the Social Worker Education 415
5. Academicization of Social Work in Denmark 415
5.1 The Master’s Degree in Social Work 415
5.2 Social Work as an Academic Discipline 418
5.3 Research in Social Work 420
5.3.1 Development of Social Work as a Research Field 420
5.3.2 Characteristics of the Research Field 424
6. Trade Union - Danish Association of Social Workers 425
6.1 Establishment of a Trade Union 425
6.2 Working Conditions and Salary 427
6.3 Trade Union and Political Influence 428
6.4 Professionalization of the Trade Union 429
6.5 Structure of the Danish Association of Social Workers Today 430
6.6 Trade Union Magazines - ’Socialrådgiveren’, ’Uden for nummer’, etc. 431
6.7 Summary of the Trade Union 433
7. Conclusion 433
8. References 434
Social Work in Ethiopia: a Discipline in the Waves of Opportunities and Challenges
Wassie Kebede
Mesele Mengsteab
1. Introduction 441
2. The Genesis and Development of Social Work in Ethiopia 443
2.1 The Genesis of Social Work in Ethiopia 443
2.2 The Development of Social Work in Ethiopia 445
2.2.1 The Development of Social Work Education 446
2.2.2 The Development of Social Work Practice 450
3. Key Actors and Authors of Social Work in Ethiopia 452
3.1 The Contribution of Key Actors to Social Work Education 452
3.2 The Contributions of Key Authors to Social Work Research and Publication 457
4. Current Trends of Social Work in Ethiopia 462
4.1 The Current Trends of Social Work Education 462
4.1.1 International Collaboration and Partnership 463
4.1.2 Visiting Expatriates as a Strategy of Alleviating Staff Scarcity 465
4.1.3 Introducing a New Teaching Model 466
4.1.4 Revitalizing Social Work Curriculum 467
4.1.5 Indigenizing Social Work 470
4.1.6 Staff Capacity Building 471
4.2 Current Social Work Research Trends 473
4.3 Current Trends of Social Work Practice 478
4.3.1 Social Work Practice in Policy Settings 478
4.3.2 Social Work Practice in Court Settings 479
4.3.3 Health Care Social Work Practice 482
5. Opportunities and Challenges of Social Work in Ethiopia 485
5.1 Opportunities of Social Work 485
5.1.1 Opportunities for Social Work Education 485
5.1.2 Opportunities for Social Work Practice 487
5.1.3 Opportunities for Social Work Research 488
5.2 Challenges of Social Work 489
5.2.1 Professional Tensions 490
5.2.2 Absence of Regulatory Body 492
5.2.3 Divisive Ideology and Political Instability 493
5.2.4 Rising Cost of Living and War-Inflicted Restriction of Movements 495
6. Conclusion and Way Forward 496
6.1 Conclusion 496
6.2 Way Forward 497
7. References 499

The History and Current State of Finnish Social Work Education, Practice and Research
Sanna Lähteinen
Mirja Satka
Anneli Pohjola
1. Introduction 505
2. The Beginnings of Finnish Social Work Education and the Emergence of Professional Practice 509
3. Professional Social Work and the Development of the Welfare State from the 1960s to the 1990s 511
3.1 Rethinking the Professional Competences of Social Workers in the 1970s and 80s 512
3.2 The Evolution of Social Work Research since the 1980s 518
3.3 Finalising the National Academisation of Social Work in the 1990s 520
3.4 Development of Doctoral Education and Social Work Research 523
4. The Educational Model of Social Work in the New Millennium 525
4.1 Overview of the Current Educational Model 526
4.2 Social Workers’ Professional Qualifications and Labour Market Situation 531
4.3 Professional Post-Graduate Studies in Social Work 536
4.4 Doctoral Education in Social Work 539
5. Prospects for the Future of Professional Practice and Research in Social Work 541
5.1 Present Changes in the Operating Environment 542
5.2 Prospects for the Development of Social Work 544
5.3 Promoting Cooperation in Social Work Research, Professional Practice and Education 548
6. Conclusion: Facilitating Factors in the Development of Research-Based Social Work in Finland 550
7. References 551
Social Work in Germany
Sabine Bährer-Kohler
Stephan De la Rosa
Marc-André Heidelmann
Katrin Sen
Stephanie Stocker
1. Introduction to Social Work in Germany 555
2. Aspects of Social Conditions and Social Work in Germany between 1200-1500 557
2.1 Medieval Life and the Estate System 558
2.2 Monasteries and Monastic Welfare 558
2.3 Needy People and Care for the Poor within the Borders of What Was then Germany 560
2.4 Health 562
2.5 Foundling Hospitals and Foundlings 564
3. Aspects of Social Conditions and Social Work in Germany between 1500-1800 567
3.1 Institutionalization of Poverty in the Modern Era 567
3.2 Humanistic Ideals and the Establishment of Workhouses 569
3.3 Paradigm Change During the Saddle Period 572
4. Social Work in Germany 1800-1945: From Poor Relief to Welfare Work 575
4.1 Industrialization and the Social Question 576
4.2 Poor Relief in the 19th Century 578
4.3 From Poor Relief and War Welfare in the German Empire to Welfare Work in the Weimar Republic 579
4.4 From Welfare to National Welfare under the National Socialist Regime 581
4.5 Excursus: from Volunteering to a Profession- the Professionalization of Social Work as a Female Profession 583
5. 1950-2024 585
5.1 Social Work in the Post-War Period - Reconstitution 586
5.2 Method and Theory Development in the Young FRG 587
5.3 Social Work in a (Post-) Modern Society 592
5.4 Social Work Education in Germany 593
5.5 Theory Formation, Research and Protagonists of Social Work in Germany 595
6. Future Developments of Social Work in Germany 597
6.1 Significant Transformation 597
6.2 Legislative Changes 598
6.3 Demographic Change and Population Dynamics 602
6.3.1 Migration and Integration 602
6.3.2 Aging 606
6.4 Societal and Climate Transformations 607
6.4.1 Gender Equality and Social Justice 607
6.4.2 Digitalization 608
6.4.3 Environment and Sustainability 610
7. Concluding remarks 611
8. References 611
Social Work in Greece
Theano Kallinikaki
1. Introduction 625
2. The Evolution of the Social Work in Greece 627
3. Europeanization and the Incomplete Social Reform 632
4. Social Work Education: Slow Steps Ahead 636
5. The Post-1996 and the Post-2019 Eras 640
6. Social Work Research in Greece 645
7. State of the art 649
8. Concluding remarks 653
9. References 656
The Current State of Social Work In Kalaallit Nunaat: Addressing the Caseworker Shortage and Paving the Way For Community-Focused Outreach
Steven Arnfjord
Kevin Perry
1. Introduction to Social Work in Kalaallit Nunaat 661
1.1 Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) 663
1.2 Geography & Governance 663
1.3 Greenland’s High Consumer Prices 664
2. Social Work and Social Pedagogics 665
2.1 History Of Social Work In Kalaallit Nunaat 669
3. Social Problems in Kalaallit Nunaat: Alcohol, Child Welfare, Suicides, Violence and Homelessness 679
3.1 Alcohol 679
3.2 Children’s Welfare 681
3.3 Suicide as a Public Health & Social Crisis in Greenland 683
3.4 Factors and Causes that Lead to the Issue 684
3.5 Violence Among Adults in Greenlandic Society 686
3.5.1 Age-Adjusted Estimates of Severe Physical Violence Against Young Women 687
3.5.2 Adult Sexual Violence 687
3.5.3 Agents and Contexts of Violence 688
3.5.4 Sexual Violence Perpetrators 688
3.6 Long-Term Effects of Childhood Adversities 688
3.6.1 Violence in Families and Intergenerational Patterns 689
3.6.2 Tackling Systemic Challenges 689
4. Homelessness in Kalaallit Nunaat: A Complex Crisis 690
5. Outreach Social Work 697
5.1 The Context and the Street Team 699
5.2 Training is Crucial for Successful Support of Vulnerable Individuals 700
5.2.1 The First Structured Municipal Initiative for Socially Vulnerable Citizens 701
5.3 Outreach Street Team in Nuuk 702
5.4 The Outreach Street Team Working in the Local Community 703
5.5 Container Town 704
5.6 Ad Hoc Tasks 706
6. Conclusion 707
7. References 709
Haitian Social Work or Social Work in Haiti? History, Teaching and Intervention Practices
Irdèle Lubin
Rachel Senat
Lourdes Rodríguez del Barrio
Wista Délice
1. Introduction 716
2. Haiti and the Struggles for Freedom, Independence and Rights 718
2.1 Traces of Other Forms of Envisioning the Support and Care of Communities. Social Practices from the Taino to Independence 719
2.2 Independence 722
2.2.1 Some Elements on the Genesis of the Haitian State 723
3. Emergence and Development of Social Work 726
3.1 The Social Concerns of the First Leaders (1804-1860) 726
3.1.1 A Name and Gestures for the Memory of Social Work in Haiti 728
3.2 Emergence of Private Institutions and the Concordat of 1860 730
3.3 The American Occupation (1915-1934) 732
3.4 The Important Role of Women. The Women’s League for Social Action and the Rationalization of Social Assistance (1934-1946) 736
3.5 The 1946 Movement and the Establishment of a Social Protection System 738
3.6 Social Work under the Regime of François Duvalier (1957-1971) 739
3.7 The Legacy of Dictatorship and the Challenges of Contemporary Social Work 740
4. Emergence, Evolution and Challenges of Social Work Training in Haiti 743
4.1 Practical Training for the Profession 746
5. Institutions, Fields and Approaches to Intervention 749
5.1 Fields of Intervention 749
5.1.1 Social Action 750
5.1.2 Psychosocial Intervention 751
5.1.2.1 Fields and practices of psychosocial intervention 753
5.1.2.2 The actors of psychosocial intervention 754
5.1.3 Psychosocial Intervention, Everyone Does It 755
5.1.4 Social Work Fields of Practice and Practice Settings 756
5.2 Intervention Approach 757
5.2.1 Models or Approaches to Social Work Intervention 757
5.2.2 The Most Used Approaches in Haiti 758
5.2.2.1 The use of the ecosystem approach in individual interventions 759
5.2.2.2 The use of the existential-humanist model 760
5.2.2.3 The psychosocial approach 761
5.2.2.4 The mutual aid group 761
5.2.2.5 The structural approach 763
6. Conclusion 764
7. References 766
The Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong: a Historical and Contemporary Analysis
Ka-ki David Lui
Paul Vinod Khiatani
Wing Hong Chui
Kin Yuen Tam
1. Introduction 771
2. Historical Overview of Social Work in Hong Kong 772
2.1 Early Development of Social Welfare (Pre-World War II) 773
2.2 Post-War Growth of Social Work in the Mid-To-Late 1940s to 1950s 774
2.3 Responding to Social Problems: The Call for Social Work in the 1960s 776
2.4 Social Work’s ‘Golden Age’ during the 1970s 777
2.5 Social Work under Economic Transformation during the 1980s 779
2.6 Social Work in the 1990s: Professionalization and Recognition beyond Hong Kong 782
2.7 Funding Reforms and Public-Private Partnership in the 2000s 783
3. Contemporary Landscape of Social Work in Hong Kong (2010s to Present) 786
3.1 Marketization and Managerialism: Transformations in Social Work Operations and Funding Structures 786
3.2 From Classroom to Guided Practice: Comprehensive Social Work Education and Training Model in Hong Kong 788
3.3 Cultivating Interdisciplinarity and Advancing Innovation and Technology in Social Work Research, Education, and Practice 794
3.4 Outcome-based Social Work Education 797
4. Changing Landscape of Social Work in Hong Kong 799
5. Concluding Remarks 804
6. References 805
Social Work in India
Kiran Thampi
Jolly John Odathakkal
1. Introduction 813
2. Historical Background of Social Work in India 814
3. Social Work Pioneers 817
4. Social Work Education in India 820
4.1 Current Status of Social Work Education in India 822
4.2 Social Work Curriculum Development in India 823
4.3 Future of Social Work Education in India 829
5. The Evolving Research Landscape of Indian Social Work 831
6. Social Work Associations in India 833
7. Challenges of Social Work Practice in India 835
8. Emerging Fields in Social Work Practice in India 839
9. Conclusion 843
10. References 844

Social Work in Iran: a Literature Review
Seyed Hassan Mousavi Chelak
Abbasali Yazdani
Mostafa Mardani
Hamed Olamaei
Amir Moghanibashi-Mansourieh
1. Introduction 853
2. The Emergence of Social Work in Iran 855
2.1 Pioneers and Key Influencers 855
2.2 The Emergence of Professional Practice 858
2.3 Endowments Institutions 859
2.4 The Development of Professional Practice 861
3. Methodology 864
3.1 Macro-Level Aspects of Social Work Practice in Iran 864
3.2 Micro-Level Aspects of Social Work Practice in Iran 867
4. Social Work Education 876
4.1 The Emergence of Educational Practice 877
4.2 The Development of Educational Practice 879
5. Research 881
6. Conclusion 884
7. References 886
History and the Current State of Italian Social Work
Annamaria Campanini
Giovanni Cellini
Carlotta Mozzone
1. Introduction: Brief historical overview of social work in the country, including the emergence of the profession, academic development, and research 889
2. Key Figures in the Birth and Development of Social Work in the Above-Mentioned Areas 898
2.1 Paolina Tarugi (1889-1969) 898
2.2 Maria Comandini Calogero (1903-1992) 901
2.3 Angela Zucconi (1914-2000) 904
2.4 Odile Vallin (1914-2008) 908
2.5 Maria Dal Pra Ponticelli (1935-2018) 911
3. Current state of social work at academic and research spheres 914
3.1 The situation of three-year degree courses (Bachelors) in the national panorama 914
3.2 An overview of the master’s degree in social policy and social services 920
3.3 Current developments and trend 923
3.4 Social work research developments in Italy between progress and obstacles 927
3.5 Development of Publications 930
4. State of the art of social work at the professional level 933
4.1 The organizational context 933
4.2 Social work as a profession 935
4.3 Social services 940
5. Concluding remarks 949
6. References 951
Social Work in Japan
Kana Matsuo
Masateru Higashida
1. Introduction 957
2. Historical Development of Social Work in Japan 959
2.1 First Period: Transmission of Social Work 959
2.2 Second Period: Colonial Rule and Transformation into a Kosei Welfare Program 963
2.3 Third Period: Defeat, Birth of Social Welfare, and Professional Social Work Education 965
2.4 The Fourth Period: Up to the Birth of a Certified Social Worker 968
3. Recent Trends in Social Work in Japan 970
3.1 Legal Systems for Social Welfare and Social Work 970
3.2 “Social workers” in Japan? 971
3.2.1 Self-Recognition (-Knowledge; -Understanding) of Social Work in Japan by Japanese Social Work Associations 972
3.2.2 Professional Associations 972
3.2.3 National Qualifications for Social Workers 973
3.2.4 Other Certifications and Welfare Administration Positions 975
3.2.5 Other Practitioners 977
3.3 Social Work Education and Training 978
3.4 Trends in Social Work Research 979
3.5 An Overview of the Current Situation 980
4. Conclusion 982
5. References 983
Social Work in Malaysia: Reflections, Realities, and Recommendations
Zulkarnain Ahmad Hatta
Jahid Siraz Chowdhury
Zarina Mat Saad
Mohd Haizzan Yahaya
Kumarashwaran Vadelu
1. Introduction 989
2. Setting the Text and Context 992
2.1 The Malaysian Peninsula as a Nation-State 992
2.2 The Social Work as a Field of Study 994
3. Method of Seeing the Matter 996
3.1 Decolonial and Critical Social Work Paradigm 997
4. Discourse Analysis 998
4.1 Advancements and Challenges in Social Work Education at Malaysian Public and Private Universities 998
4.2 NGOs and Social Work in Malaysia - Moving Beyond Band-Aids 1002
4.3 Research Areas in Malaysian Social Work 1003
4.4 Social Work in Legal Provision: Good but Not Good Enough 1008
5. Reflection: Reimagining Social Work Education in Malaysia 1010
5.1 The CPD Gap and Superficial and uneven Research in Malaysian Social Work 1010
6. Recommendation 1011
6.1 Recommendations for Social Work Policy Makers: Philosophical Jaundice: A Dual Lens for Social Work 1012
6.2 Transforming Malaysian Social Work for Liberation and Collaboration and Fostering Global South Collaboration and International Exchanges 1014
6.3 Decolonizing the Curriculum: A Critical Transformation for Social Work Education in Malaysia 1016
7. Conclusion 1017
8. References 1017

The State of Social Work in Mexico
Carmen Casas Ratia
Pedro Isnardo De la Cruz
1. Introduction 1021
2. Social Work: Social Roots and Revolutionary History. Brief Historical Overview 1022
3. The Consolidation of Social Work as a Professional Practice with Vulnerable, Marginalized, and Impoverished Groups: A Pioneer in Social Justice and Feminism 1026
4. Social Work as an Autonomous Discipline in the Production of Professionals Trained in University Programs, Social Institutions, and National and International Impact Projects 1029
4.1 Key Academic Figures: Leadership in the Formation of Professionals and Labor Unions with National and International Projection of Social Work in Mexico 1030
4.2 Social Work at the National School of Jurisprudence of Mexico and the School of Law at UNAM 1036
4.3 The Transition from a Technical-Professional Program to an Autonomous Disciplinary Profession at UNAM 1037
4.4 Academia and Scientific Research: University Agendas and Specialized Knowledge Production Networks 1040
5. Best Practices, Social Impact, and National and International Projection of the Profession 1041
5.1 COVID-19 and Social Work 1041
5.2 Global Humanitarian Observatory and the Casa Refugiados Program 1043
5.3 Social Work Best Practices in Mexico and the IASSW (Application of UBUNTU Philosophy and COVID-19 Pandemic Context) 1043
6. Conclusions 1045
7. References 1047
Social Work and Social Policy in Aotearoa New Zealand: Lessons for International Practice
Mark Henrickson
Andrew Thompson
Darren Renau
1. Introduction 1050
1.1 Background 1051
2. Social Work Practice in Aotearoa: Journey to Regulation 1053
2.1 Registration 1053
2.2 A Pathway for Indigenous Social Work Practitioners 1056
2.3 More Registration Legislation 1057
2.4 Social Work Education 1057
2.5 Other Regulation and Organisations of Social Workers 1058
2.6 Current Workforce 1059
2.7 Practice frameworks 1061
2.8 Social work leadership in Aotearoa 1063
2.9 The Professionalisation Debate 1064
3. Social Policy 1066
3.1 The Entrenchment of Neoliberalism 1067
3.2 Origins of Social Investment as Policy 1069
3.3 The Vulnerable Child Reforms 1072
4. Lessons for International Social Work 1075
4.1 Social control 1076
4.2 Decolonisation 1078
4.3 Professionalisation 1079
5. A Future 1080
6. References 1082
Social Work in South Africa
Antoinette Lombard
1. Introduction 1089
2. Historical Overview of Social Work in South Africa 1092
2.1 Colonial and Apartheid Contexts that Shaped Social Work 1092
2.2 Early Development of Social Work Education 1095
3. Transition to Democracy and Transforming Social Work Practice and Education 1098
4. Facilitating methodologies for developmental Social Work 1104
4.1 Regulation of Social Work Education and Practice 1105
4.2 Accreditation and Standards of the BSW Qualification 1108
4.3 Curriculum and Graduate Attributes 1109
5. Social Work Status at Professional, Educational, and Research levels 1111
5.1 Decolonised Agenda for Social Work Education and Practice 1112
5.2 Advocacy for Social, Economic and Environmental Justice 1113
5.3 Developmental Social Work for Social Justice and Inclusion 1115
5.4 Professional and educational associations 1117
5.5 Impact of Corruption and State Capture on Social Work 1117
6. Conclusions 1119
7. References 1121
Social Work in Spain: an Overview on History, Research and Methodologies
Jorge Garcés-Ferrer
Andrés Arias-Astray
Francisco Ródenas-Rigla
Rosa Díaz-Jiménez
Juan-Jesús Viscarret-Garro
Ana Alcazar-Campos
1. Introduction 1125
2. History of the Social Work Profession in Spain 1127
2.1 Professionalisation of Care since the Social Reforms 1127
2.2 Professionalisation from University Education and Professional Bodies 1129
2.3 Professionalisation from Academic Autonomy. The European Higher Education Area 1133
3. State of the Art: The Current State of Social Work at the Professional, Academic, and Research Levels 1136
3.1 The Professional Landscape 1137
3.1.1 Impact of COVID-19 on the Profession 1143
3.2 The Education and Academic Landscape 1146
3.3 The Research Landscape 1148
4. Social Work Methodology in Spain. Evolution and Key References 1151
4.1 The Political and Methodological Transition: Identification of Social Work with Social Services 1152
4.2 Professional Specialisation and Academic Stabilisation: Opening to New Theoretical and Methodological References 1154
4.3 Exploring the Methodological Challenges of Social Work in the Contemporary Era: Navigating Through Crises, Social Challenges, and Advances in Research 1158
5. Conclusion 1165
6. References 1167

Gold-Collar Proletarians? - Social Workers and Social Work in Sweden
Staffan Höjer
Andreas Liljegren
1. Introduction 1175
2. Theoretical Starting Points 1176
3. The History of Social Work in Sweden 1179
4. Key People in the Development of Social Work in Sweden 1185
4.1 Gerda Meyersson and Kerstin Hesselgren 1185
4.2 Marja Almqvist 1188
5. The Regulation of Social Work —by Law, by Mandate and How it Is Organized 1189
6. Social Work Practice in Sweden Today 1192
6.1 Layperson Governance of Swedish Welfare Offices 1194
6.2 Social Workers’ Careers and the Flight from Exercise of Formal Authority 1195
6.3 Social Work Overload 1197
6.4 The Standing of the Social Work Profession in Practice 1199
7. Social Work Education 1200
7.1 The Content of the Social Work Degree Programme 1201
7.2 Master’s Degree in Social Work 1203
7.3 Supervision in Social Work 1204
7.4 Family Therapy Education 1205
8. Social Work Research 1206
8.1 Licentiate Degree —A Half PhD in Practice 1211
9. Discussion and Conclusion 1211
9.1 The professionalization of social work in Sweden 1211
9.2 The position of social work in Sweden —an international perspective 1214
10. References 1216
Embracing Legacies of Service and Activism - The Vibrant Evolution of Professional Social Work in Trinidad & Tobago
Karene-Anne Nathaniel
Crystal Oliver
Vickey Valley
1. Introduction 1223
1.1 Background to Trinidad and Tobago 1225
1.2 Contemporary Social Issues 1228
2. Before There Was “Social Work” There Was Social Work 1230
2.1 The Role of Faith-Based Organizations in Social Services Delivery and Social Work 1231
2.2 From Philanthropy to Coterie 1233
2.3 The Legacy of Community Organizing 1234
2.4 From Activism to Social Welfare System 1237
3. Contemporary Social Work in Trinidad and Tobago 1238
3.1 Child Safeguarding and Protection 1238
3.1.1 Children’s Authority 1239
3.1.2 Children Court 1240
3.1.3 The Children and Family Services Unit of the Division of Health Wellness and Social Protection (Tobago) 1241
3.1.4 Child Protection Unit of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (CPUTTPS) 1241
3.2 Education 1242
3.3 Social Development and Family Services 1242
3.4 Health and Mental Health 1243
3.4.1 Medical Social Work 1243
3.4.2 Psychiatric Social Work 1244
3.5 Legal Affairs 1244
3.5.1 Probation Department 1244
3.5.2 Family Court of Trinidad and Tobago 1245
3.6 National Security 1246
3.6.1 Social Work in Prisons 1246
3.6.2 Social Work and Policing 1246
3.7 Sports and Community Development 1247
4. Social Work Education and Training 1248
5. SWOT Analysis of Social Work in Trinidad and Tobago 1250
5.1 Strengths and Merits 1251
5.2 Weaknesses and Limitations 1252
5.3 Opportunities 1255
5.4 Threats 1256
6. Conclusion 1259
7. References 1261

Social Work in Uganda
Janestic Mwende Twikirize
1. Introduction 1265
2. Emergence of Social Work in Uganda 1267
2.1 Pre-Colonial Period 1267
2.2 Social Work in the Colonial and Post-Colonial Era 1269
2.3 Current Status of Social Work Practice and Education in Uganda 1273
2.3.1 Types of Agencies Employing Social Workers 1273
2.3.2 Key Sectors and Target Populations 1275
2.3.3 Level of Social Work Intervention, Methods and Approaches 1277
3. Social Work Education in Uganda 1279
4. Social Work Research 1282
5. Recent Perspectives and Methodologies 1283
5.1 Indigenisation and Decolonisation Perspectives 1283
5.2 Community Social Labs Methodology in Fieldwork and Research 1285
6. Challenges and Prospects for Social Work Practice and Education in Uganda 1287
6.1 Lack of a Defined Legal and Regulatory Framework for Social Work 1287
6.2 Need to Strengthen the Linkage between Education and Practice 1288
6.3 The Need for in-Country Advanced Social Work Training Programmes 1288
6.4 The Need to Strengthen Field Practice Education 1289
6.5 Increased Research and Academic Output to Promote Locally Relevant Education 1289
6.6 Increased Networking and Linkages both at National, Regional and International Levels 1290
7. Concluding remarks 1290
8. References 1291
Social Work in Ukraine
Nadiia Kabachenko
Oksana Boiko
1. Introduction 1297
2. Emergence of Social Work in Ukraine 1298
3. Research in Social Work 1302
4. Social Work and Education Policy in Ukraine 1305
5. Social Work Practice in Ukraine 1310
5.1 Legislative framework 1310
5.2 Key Sectors and Agencies where Social Workers Are Employed 1311
6. Social Work as a Profession 1313
7. Current Trends and Developments 1316
7.1 Changing Landscape of Social Work 1316
7.2 Social Work and Mental Health 1319
8. Social Work Education and Training During the War 1321
9. Conclusions 1324
10. References 1326
The History of Social Work in the United Kingdom
Christine Cocker
Lucille Allain
Viviene E. Cree
Carolyn Ewart
Hefin Gwilym
Trish Hafford-Letchfield
Davy Hayes
Andy Pithouse
Prospera Tedam
Martin Webber
1. Introduction 1332
2. Social Work in England 1341
2.1 Creation of the Welfare State 1345
2.2 Social Work with Children and Families 1346
2.3 Social Work with Adults 1348
2.4 Practice Models 1351
3. Social Work in Wales 1358
3.1 Welsh Social Work in Context 1359
3.2 Adult Care Services in Wales 1361
3.3 Children’s Services 1364
3.4 Social Care Wales 1367
3.5 Research in Social Care in Wales 1370
3.6 Key Actors 1374
4. Social Work in Scotland 1376
4.1 Early Influences and Differences in Scotland 1376
4.2 From the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968 to the Regulation of Care Act 2001 1379
4.3 ‘Modernising’ Social Work: 2006 to 2016 1382
4.4 State of the Art Social Work in Scotland? 1385
4.5 Towards a National Care Service, from 2022 1387
5. Social Work in Northern Ireland 1388
5.1 Social Welfare Provision from 1921 to 1945 1389
5.2 The Welfare State and the Emergence of Professional Social Work (1945-1968) 1390
5.3 The Troubles and the Integration of Health and Social Services (1968-1998) 1392
5.4 Devolution, Social Work and Reform since 1998 1395
5.5 The Northern Ireland Social Care Council 1400
6. Conclusion 1402
7. References 1403
The Evolution and Future of Social Work in Zambia: a Historical and Professional Overview
Joachim Cuthbert Mumba
1. Introduction 1419
1.1 Background of Zambia 1421
2. Historical Perspective of Social Work Emergence in Zambia 1421
3. Key Actors and Contributors to the Development of Social Work in Zambia 1426
4. Social Work Training in Zambia 1427
4.1 Field Work Placement I 1430
4.2 Field Work Placement II 1431
5. Research in Social Work 1432
6. Social Work Practice in Zambia 1433
7. Initiatives to Professionalize Social Work in Zambia 1438
8. Challenges and Progress 1441
9. Conclusion 1441
10. References 1442